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generation of computers 1st to 5th
The term “generation” Was used to distinguish varying hardware technologies but now it has been extended to include both hardware and software.

generation of computers notes :-

* We have divided the generation of computer in to five times.

In the year 1945 the First generation computer developed in Earny research unit. This was called .

Disadvantage :-

1. Due to the use of vaccum tube this machine is processaed very low data.

2. Physically this machine was very large and require more space.

3. The storage capacity was 1KB.

4. This machine were generated significant heat thus more maintenance for longer time.

5. Computing speed was measured in millisecond.

6. Punched cards were used for input/output operation.

* Second generation computer (1956–65)

In the generation computer inspite of vaccum tube transistor are be used.transistor is made up of Germania semiconductor. Due to the used of transistor this machine were more powerful, more reliable, less expensive, smaller as compare to first generation computer.

* Advantage :-

1. Smaller in size as compare to first generation computer.

2. The processing capacity was more faster as the 1st generation computer.

3. The storage capacity 2nd generation computer was 100KB.

4. Considerable reduction in heat generation.

5. Computing speed was measured in microseconds.

6. Magnetic tapes besides punched cards were used for input/output operation.

3rd generation computers

In the third generation computer transistor were replaced by the silicon transistor. This method is known as photolithographic. This is combining number of circuits, including transistor, diode, resistors, capacitors etc on a single silicon chips. The main electronic components of third generationcomputer was ICs(Integrated circuits).

* Advantage :-

1. Due to the use of chip in the machine of 3rd generation computer, machine was smaller as compare to previous generation computer.

3. Computing speed was measured in nanoseconds.

4. Large storage capacity and storage capacity was 100MB.

5. Improved input/output device’s like visual display unit (monitor), line printers, magnetic tapes etc were used.

* Fourth generation computer (1975–89) :-

In the fourth generation computer ICs replaced by the microprocessor. A microprocessor contains all circuits needed to perform arithmetic, logic and control functions, the core activities of all computers on a single chip.

Advantage :-

1. Mian components was microprocessor.

2. Occupies very little space.

3. Commonly available as PC.

4. Computing speed was measured in nano and Picoseconds.

5. Mini and microcomputer also developed from microprocessors.

* Fifth generation computer (1989-Till) :-

In the generation computer power full microprocessor chips and highest storage capacity of hard disk became develop.

Advantage :-

1. Super large scale integration(SLSI) chip is used.

Perform Million Instructions per Second (MIPS) and are called super computer.

Very fast processing is possible.

4. To increase the processing speed RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computing) was used.

Due to all the above condition it’s very expensive.

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